EST 22447 Environmental Studies Micro project computer engineering  

program Name and Code: EST 22447 Environmental Studies

Course Name and Code: CS 5I 

Academic Year : 

Semester: Fifth 

Part A

Title :- “ PREPARE REPORT ON HOUSEHOLD WATER FILTRATION UNIT “

Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project :-

A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process. Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes  such  as  providing  agricultural  irrigation,  accessible  drinking  water,  public   and   private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and swimming pools. Water filters are usually recommended if you have a private water supply on your property with a high amount of sediment or is at risk of chemical contamination.

Course Outcome Addressed :-

•  Apply techniques to reduce environmental pollution.
• Developed public awareness about environment.

Proposed Methodology :-

• Observe the water filter unit.
• Discus with Prof. S.N Khachane about water filters.
• Collect data from internet and books ( environmental studies & water filter units )
• Mr. is collecting some data
• Mr.open the filtration unit
• Mr. observe the parts & read their conclusion
• Mr. collect some information on internet
• Mr.collect some picture
• Mr. collect data in books
• Mr. arranged all data & prepare report on it. 

Action plan :-

Sr.no	Detail of activity	Plan start date	Plan finish date	Name of team member
1	Observe the water filter unit in house
2	Discuss with Prof. about water filter units.
3	Collect information from internet
4	Collection of data
5	Arrange all data & prepare report on it			row5 col 5

Resources required:

Sr.no	Resources are used	Specifications	Quantity	Remarks
1	Textbook	Environmental studies	1
2	Textbook	Filtration units	1
3	Internet	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/filters_(camshaft )	1
4	Internet	https://clubtechnical.com/filteration	1
5	Internet	http://www.pfeiferindustries.com/tt-pulleyapplications- gallery-i-5-l-en.html

Names Of Team Members With Roll No :-

Part B

Title :- “PREPARE REPORT ON HOUSEHOLD WATER FILTRATION UNIT”

Rational :- household water filtration plant , internet etc Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project :-

An Introduction To RO Water Purifier. The Reverse osmosis water purification system or RO water purifier is the most popular water purifier in the field of water purification system. RO water purifier is mostly based on the reverse osmosis or RO technique. This technique is the opposite of the simple osmosis process. The difference . between Reverse Osmosis and carbon filtration is the presence of the high-quality Membrane. Activated Carbon Filtration is most effective at removing or reducing impurities and contaminants such as chlorine, sediment, volatile organic compounds, poor taste and odour from water.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a water treatment process that removes contaminants from water by using pressure to force water molecules through a semipermeable membrane. During this process, the contaminants are filtered out and flushed away, leaving clean, delicious drinking water. RO water is good for drinking because of removal of arsenic , lead and other harmful element by different 2 process carrying by R0 purifier     According to WHO report RO water is not safe water. It is

unhealthy water. Ro purifier removes all impurities as well as minerals from the water. RO is acronym for Reverse Osmosis, you must recollect your High School Chemistry   UV is acronym for Ultra Violet

rays, UV rays is used to kill the microbes and germs. TDS is the acronym for Total Dissolved

Solids. TDS is adjustable in certain models of Kent Water Purifier. The advisable limit for TDS is 60 to 75.

course outcome:-

• Apply techniques to reduce environmental pollution.
• Developed public awareness about environment.

Actual procedure follow :-

•  Observe the water filter unit.
• Discus with Prof.  about water filters.
• Collect data from internet and books ( environmental studies & water filter units ) 4.Mr.Suraj Diware is collecting some data
• Mr. open the filtration unit
• Mr.  observe the parts & read their conclusion 7.Mr. collect some information on internet 8.Mr.collect some picture
• Mr. collect data in books
• Mr. arranged all data & prepare report on it.

Resources used

Sr.no	Resources are used	Specifications	Quantity	Remarks
1	Textbook	Environmental studies	1
2	Textbook	Filtration units	1
3	Internet	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/filters_(camshaft )	1
4	Internet	https://clubtechnical.com/filteration	1
5	Internet	http://www.pfeiferindustries.com/tt-pulleyapplications- gallery-i-5-l-en.html

Output of micro project

•  Increase knowledge about water filter units.
• Experience team work
• Increase communication skill
• Know about applications of filters.

Skill developed in micro project :-

 We know about the household filtration plant. We study the household filtration plant.we produce ability to dissemble the household filtration plant. We see the parts of household filtration unit. We know the working of the household filtration plant. We observe the all part of household filtration plant . now after some time we successfully assemble the Household filtration plant.we know all information about household filtration plant.

Household filtration plant

We studied how to water filter unit work and how it’s process done and working principle of it using and related notebook and books and other things related to it like RO is to be resorted to only in cases where the salt content of water to be used for drinking is much higher than advisable.

Even here reduction of the salt content to the level of 10 or 20 ppm is counterproductive. If the salt content of the water is very high even for non-potable purposes, rainwater harvesting often works wonders.

In the cases where the water has coliform bacteria, the source for their presence should be delineated and the contamination eliminated. While RO may be advised, elimination of the cause is the safer and preferred route and ultimately the cheaper route also.

Those who go in for RO for water with high salt content are well informed to assess the volume likely to be subjected per day and ask the supplier how long will the media work effectively with that volume, what is the cost involved for the replacement of the media and what are the monthly running costs, apart from the capital cost.

They also should question any proposal to reduce salt content to less than 500 ppm.

 What is requirement of filters in house ?

As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, the desirable quality of drinking water is that which has TDS (Total Dissolved Salts) content of 500 ppm or less (ppm stands for parts of the salt present in a million parts of water). Where water of this quality is not efficiently available, the compromise level is water having upto 2000 ppm 

It is to be borne in mind that in some places, iron salts may be present and if the content of iron salts is more than the permissible 0.4ppm, even if the total salt content is less than the desired level, the iron salts will have to be removed before drinking that water. There are also some pockets West Bengal and U.P. where the water contains Arsenic. This is poisonous and so here also the same rule applies. In some pockets again, fluoride salts may be present which affect the bones if that water is drunk. Using this water for non-potable purposes is however not harmful.

Another point to be recognized is that water with very low salt content is not very palatable and therefore where the total salt content is less than 500, reducing it to 10 or 20 by RO is not only meaningless from the point of view of wastage of water but also from the cost and loss of palatability aspects. In cases where the salt content is not much higher than 2000 ppm, a simpler route would be to harvest rainwater which will dilute the salts and bring it within potable limits progressively.

1.Reverse Osmosis filters:

Reverse Osmosis (RO) system offers a multi-stage filtration of water by combining active carbon and also particle filtration. Here, the tap water is made to pass through a membrane (a polymer film) that has very small-sized pores and this weed out minerals and micro-organisms in water. The impurities collected are then flushed out through an outlet pipe. A RO water purifier improves the taste of water but, it is difficult to say that the water will be 100 percent safe as at times due to holes (because of a manufacturing defect or due to wear-and-tear) in the filter, some bacteria can get through the filter. RO filters are recommended for places where the problem with the water is its high content of dissolved minerals. The darker side in a RO purifier is that there are chances that the membranes in these filters drain out some of the necessary minerals too. Also, it requires a continuous water supply to function and can be fixed to only one water tap

Mechanism of reverse osmosis RO

RO is a process where water having more than the desirable salt content is put in one part of a vessel with two compartments separated by special media and pressure is applied on the water. This results in only the pure water going across the media to the other compartment with the salts remaining in the same compartment. Thus the process results in accumulation of salts in the first compartment. Beyond a certain concentration of salt the process will not proceed further and the water which contains all the salt is rejected.

Because of this, if one starts with say 100 parts of water, the process yields only about 70 parts of good water and the other 30 parts which contain all the salts present originally in 100 parts have to  be thrown away.

In RO systems of small capacity suitable for domestic purposes, the rejected component may be as high as 45%. The process therefore is a wasteful one with much of the water having to be thrown away Diverting large volumes of this highly salty water into the sewage line could result in acting against the smooth movement of its contents. The reject will not be tolerated by normal garden plants. It will form deposits on the floor and sanitary ware. It is also not advisable to divert it to the septic tank.

If the water subjected to RO has less than 1000ppm say, then the salt content in the reject water will not be much and it can be used for gardening or flushing. But the point is that this water need not be subjected to RO at all in the first place.

Parts of RO system filtration unit

1.Cold water line valve

It is a valve that fits into the cold water supply line. It has a tube that is attached to the inlet side of the reverse osmosis pre-filter. It is the water source for the reverse osmosis system.

2.Pre-filter(s)

The number of pre-filter used in a reverse osmosis system differs from one another. Indeed, there may be more than one pre-filter used. The most commonly used pre-filter is the sediment filter. This kind of pre-filter is used to remove dirt, sand silt, and another sediment. Other pre-filter, such as carbon filter, can be used too.

3.Reverse osmosis membrane

It is the most important part of the reverse osmosis system. The most commonly used membrane is a spiral wound. There are two kinds, the thin film composite or material (TFC/TFM) and cellulose triacetate (CTA). CTA is chlorine tolerant, while TFC/TFM is not.

4.Post filter(s)

After leaving the storage tank but before going to the faucet, the water goes through post filter. The post filter is generally carbon. It can be in carbon block or granular form. It is used to remove remaining odors and tastes from the water.

 5.Automatic shut off valve (SOV)

It is used to conserve water. When the storage tank is full, the SOV stops the water from flowing to the membrane.

6.Check valve

The check valve is located at the outlet end of the reverse osmosis membrane housing. It prevents  the backward flow of the water from the storage tank. By doing this, it prevents the membrane from rupturing.

7.Flow restrictor

The flow restrictor is used to maintain the flow rate required to get the highest quality drinking water. It is also used to maintain pressure on the inlet side of the membrane. The flow restrictor is located in the reverse osmosis drain line tubing.

Advantages of RO filters

1.Improves Taste

RO filtration improves taste, odor and appearance of water by removing contaminants that cause taste and odor problems

 2.Saves Money

With an RO system, you can cancel your water delivery service and stop purchasing cases of bottled water. Reverse Osmosis filtration provides “better-than-bottled water” quality water for just pennies per gallon.

 3.Simple Maintenance

RO systems have very few moving or replaceable parts make RO systems easy to clean and service.

4.Removes Impurities

RO systems remove pollutants from water including nitrates, pesticides, sulfates, fluoride, bacteria, pharmaceuticals, arsenic and much more. An RO systems’ carbon filter will also remove chlorine and chloramines.

Disadvantage of RO purifier:-

• Disadvantages of RO water purifier. Removes essential minerals: While RO water
• purifier removes dissolved impurities it removes natural mineral such as iron, magnesium, calcium and sodium which are essential to the human body and cause a mineral deficiency in the body            Chlorine can damage RO membrane
• Ro water purifier removes essential natural mineral like sodium, iron, calcium, and magnesium that are essential for our body and causes a lack of essential minerals within the body. ...
• There can be RO membrane breakage. 
• Chlorine can also damage the Ro membrane.

2.0  Actual Resources Use

Sr.no	Resources are used	Specifications	Quantity	Remarks
1	Textbook	Environmental studies	1
2	Textbook	Filtration units	1
3	Internet	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/filters_(camshaft )	1
4	Internet	https://clubtechnical.com/filteration	1
5	Internet	http://www.pfeiferindustries.com/tt-pulleyapplications- gallery-i-5-l-en.html

3.0    Outputs of the Micro-Project

In this project, we successfully get information about HOUSEHOLD WATER FILTRATION UNIT

4.0  Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

1. Increase knowledge about Concrete HOUSEHOLD WATER FILTRATION UNIT
2. Experience teamwork
3. Increase communication skill
4. Know about the HOUSEHOLD WATER FILTRATION UNIT

Conclusion

Water filters are selected by millions of people the world over because they supply a better quality of tasty and great-smelling drinking water due to their natural ability to remove chlorine and other bacterial impurities, thus preventing harmful substances from entering the body.

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